National Emblem of Different Countries

The National Emblems of Different Countries are Given here:

 

COUNTRY	EMBLEM	COUNTRY	EMBLEM
Australia	Kangaroo	Bangladesh	Water Lily
Barbados	Head of a Trident	Belgium	Lion
Canada	White Lily	Chile	Candor & Huemul
Denmark	Beach	Dominica	Sisserou Parrot
France	Lily	Germany	Corn Flower
Guyana	Canje Pheasant	Hong Kong	Bauhinia (Orchid Tree)
India	Lioned Capital	Iran	Rose
Ireland	Shamrock	Israel	Candelabrum
Italy	White Lily	Ivory Coast	Elephant
Japan	Chrysanthemum	Lebanon	Cedar Tree
Luxenbourg	Lion with Crown	Mongolia	The Soyombo
Netherlands	Lion	New Zealand	Southern Cross, Kiwi, Fern
Norway	Lion	Pakistan	Crescent
Papua New Guinea	Bird of paradise	Spain	Eagle
Senegal	Bhobab Tree	Sierra Leone	Lion
Sri Lanka	Lion	Sudan	Secretary Bird
Syria	Eagle	Turkey	Crescent & Star
U.K.	Rose	U.S.A.	Golden Rod

Trains introduced by Railway Ministers

This is an attempt to list out the trains introduced by successive Railway Ministers in India. Much of the information is from the railway budgets of each year. There are a vast number of trains that run in India, and many are cancelled, re-introduced, renamed, rescheduled or re-routed all the time, so this is only the barest attempt at listing some of the better-known trains and their origins.

Year	Railway Minister	Trains introduced
1973	T A Pai	H. Nizamuddin – Mangalore/Ernakulam Jayanti Janata
1974	L N Mishra	Samastipur Jayanti Janata and other JJ trains.
1975-?	Kamalapati Tripathi	Sabarmati Express Ganga-Kaveri Exp. Neelambari Exp. Varanasi Exp. (Delhi-Lucknow Exp. extended) Tamilnadu Exp. Kashi Vishwanath Exp.
1979-?	Prof. Madhu Dandavate	Jhelum Exp. Swaraj Exp. Sarvodaya Exp. Kerala Exp. Karnataka Exp. Andhra Pradesh Exp. EMUs on Pune-Lonavala section
1980-1984	A B A Ghani Khan Chaudhuri	Sealdah – Malda Gaur Exp. Sealdah – Malda Gaur Exp.
1988	Madhav Rao Scindia	Jhansi Shatabdi (later to Bhopal) Howrah-Gwalior Chambal Exp. Bombay-Gwalior Lashkar Exp.
1989	Madhav Rao Scindia	Kanpur Shatabdi (later to Lucknow) Indrayani Exp. Pragati Exp.
1990	George Fernandes	Jammu Tawi – Mangalore/Trichy Navyug Exp Dadar – Muzaffarpur Shramshakti Exp (now cancelled) Hatia – Varanasi Exp (still running?) Surat – Varanasi Tapti Ganga Exp New Delhi and Patna (via Varanasi) Shramjeevi Exp
1991	Jaffer Sharief	Bombay – New Delhi AC Exp (later August Kranti Rajdhani) Bombay – Ahmedabad Karnavati Exp Bombay – Varanasi Pawan Exp H. Nizamuddin – Vishakapatnam Samata Exp Puri – Tirupati Exp Mysore – Tirupati Exp (now Mysore – Tirupati Passenger) Allahabad – Chahpra Bhagirathi Exp (MG) Allahabad – Agra Exp (proposed, never introduced)
1992	Jaffer Sharief	New Delhi – Bangalore Rajdhani Kurla- Bangalore Exp Bidar – Bangalore Link Exp Madras – Banglaore Lalbagh Exp Madras – Vijayawada Pinakani Exp Secunderabad – Vijayawada Satvahana Exp Secunderabad – Bhadrachalam (Passenger?) Varanasi – Gorakhpur Krishak Exp Sealdah – New Jalpaiguri Teesta Torsha Exp Gandhidham – Nagercoil Exp H. Nizamuddin – Indore Inter-City Exp Valsad- Vadodara ExpThe following trains proposed by him were introduced later: Bombay Pune Pragati Exp Amritsar Barauni Amrapali Exp H. Nizamuddin – Sambalpur Hirakud Exp Delhi – Sikar Sainik Exp (MG) Vadodara – Gandhidham Exp Secunderabad – Vishakapatnam Vishaka Exp
1993	Jaffer Sharief	H. Nizamuddin – Madras Rajdhani H. Nizamuddin – Agra Inter-City Exp H. Nizamuddin – Mangalore Mangala Exp H. Nizamuddin – Jabalpur/Nagpur Gondwana Exp New Delhi – Puri Purushottam Exp Delhi – Jammu Tawi Super Fast Exp Delhi – Newjalpaiguri Mahananda Link Exp Dhanbad – Tatanagar Subarnarekha Exp Agra Fort – Jaipur Superfast Exp (MG)
1994	Jaffer Sharief	New Delhi – Bhubaneswar Rajdhani Exp New Delhi – Guwahati Rajdhani Exp Bombay – Ahmedabad Shatabdi Exp Bombay – Trivandrum Exp (weekly) New Delhi – Sriganganagar Exp Delhi – Kathgodam Exp Delhi – Sultanpur Sadbhavana Exp Saharanpur – Lucknow Exp Jodhpur – Lucknow Exp Jaipur – Sealdah Exp Katihar – Sealdah Exp Secunderbad – Guntur Nagarjuna ExpThe following trains proposed by him were introduced later: Madras – Mysore Shatabdi Bombay – Jaipur Super Fast New Delhi – Amritsar Shatabdi New Delhi – Chandigarh Shatabdi New Delhi – Jaipur Shatabdi Madras – Kanyakumari Exp Nagercoil – Guruvayur Exp
1995	Jaffer Sharief	Howrah – Bokaro Shatabdi Howrah – Raurkela Shatabdi Madras – Coimbatore Shatabdi (cancelled) Bangalore – Hubli Shatabdi (cancelled) Bombay – Madgaon Shatabdi (never introduced) Kurla – Madgaon Exp Miraj – Bangalore Rani Chennamma Exp Bangalore – Quilon Exp (weekly) Ernakulam – Trivandrum Exp (Via Alleppey) Nagercoil – Bombay Exp (weekly) Tirupati – Cuddapah Exp (Passenger?)(cancelled) Delhi – Jaipur Inter-City Exp Jodhpur – Jaipur Exp Bikaner – Jaipur Exp Jodhpur – Howrah Superfast (instead of Jaipur-Sealdah Exp) New Delhi- Muzaffarpur Lichhavi Exp Raxaul – Muzaffarpur Exp Howrah – Gorakhpur Exp (weekly) Howrah – Gauhati Saraighat Exp (weekly) Ahmedabad – Bhavnagar Exp (MG) Kanpur – Farukhabad Exp (MG) Bhagalpur – Muzaffarpur Jansewa Exp Amritsar – Barauni Jansewa Exp Ahmedabad – Puri Exp Surat – Varanasi Jansewa Exp (never introduced)For sometime, Suresh Kalmadi was the railway minister, from Pune. Bombay Pune Shatabdi Ahmedabad – Pune Ahimsa Exp Howrah – Pune Azad Hind Exp Varanasi – Pune Gyan Ganga Exp
1996	Ram Vilas Paswan	New Delhi – Patna Rajdhani Kurla – Patna Exp Delhi – Ramnagar Link Exp Kalka – Simla Shivalik Exp Gorakhpur- Darbhanga Exp (MG) Howrah – Rampurhat Gandevta Exp Howrah – Bikaner Link Exp Jaipur – Chennai Exp (weekly) Bhopal – Rewa Exp Hubli – Bangalore Intercity (instead of the Shatabdi)He also announced the following trains in BG after gauge conversion Ahmedabad – Delhi Mail Ahmedabad – Delhi Ashram Exp Ahmedabad – Bikaner Ranakpur Exp Secunderabad/Guntur – Vasco Exp Guwahati – Dibrugarh Exp
1997	Ram Vilas Paswan	Newdelhi – Ahmedabad Swarnajayanti Rajdhani H. Nizamuddin – Vishakapatnam Swarnajayanti Exp H. Nizamuddin – Bangalore Swarnajayanti Exp H. Nizamuddin – Secunderabad Rajdhani (later cancelled, then reintroduced) Delhi – Ranchi Jarkand Swarnajayanti Exp Surat – Patna Exp Gorakhpur – Dehradun Exp (bi-weekly) Koraput- Bhubaneswar Link Exp Madras – Tirupati Inter City Tata- Katihar link Exp Vasco – Bangalore Exp Coimbatore – Bangalore Intercity Exp H. Nizamuddin – Ernakulam Swarnajayanti Exp (introduced for political reasons, to placate Kerala MPs)
1998	Nitish Kumar	Kurla – Howrah Super Deluxe Kurla – Nagpur Super Deluxe Kurla – Varanasi Kamyani Exp Kurla – Mangalore Matsyagandha Exp H. Nizamuddin – Bhopal Superfast Patna – Bhagalpur Intercity Secunderbad – Guntur Palnad Exp Madurai – Coimbatore Exp (MG) (cancelled) New Delhi – Muzaffarpur Swatantra senani Exp Sealdah – NewBongaigaon Uttar Bangla Exp Howrah – Trichy Exp (triweekly) Vishakaptanam – Bangalore Prashanti Exp Later on all the express trains on the Chennai – Trichy – Madurai route were restored after BG conversion. All the trains on the Ahmedabad – Delhi route announced earlier were also introduced, except that Ranakpur Exp was started from Bandra to Bikaner, Suryanagari Exp was restored from Ahmedabad to Jodhpur and Aravalli Exp was started from Bombay to Jaipur (via Ajmer). In SCR, Venkatadari Exp was introduced between Secunderabad – Tirupati (via Kurnool), Haripriya Exp was introduced between Kolhapur and Tirupati. However a Secunderabd – Hubli Exp announced earlier was never introduced.
1999	Nitish kumar	Amritsar – Darbhanga Jansewa Exp (weekly) Delhi – Gandhidham Exp. (the train was not introduced, but Ala Hazrat Exp running between Ajmer and Bareilly was extended to Gandhidham) Kurla-Patna superfast Mumbai – Madgaon Mandovi Exp Jaipur- Bangalore Exp (via Secunderabad) Raichur – Gulbarga Passenger Secunderabd – Machilipatnam Exp Chennai – Tirupati Shatabdi (never introduced) Chennai – Guwahati Exp (biweekly) Pune – Ernakulam Exp (via Hubli) (introduced later, now runs via Madgoan) Shalimar- Haldia Azad Exp Kamakhya – NewBongaigaon Pass Patna – Mughalsarai Pass (via Gaya) H. Nizamuddin – Coimbatore Kongu Exp (weekly)
2000	Mamta Banerji	Sealdah – New Delhi Rajdhani Sealdah – Amritsar Akaltakht Exp Sealdah – New Jalpaiguri Kanchkanya Exp Shalimar – Bankura Exp Howrah – Purulia Rupashi Bangla Exp Ajmer – Bangalore Exp (weekly) Jodhpur – Bangalore Exp (weekly) Shimoga – Bangalore Exp Puttaparthi – Bangalore Satya Sai Exp Tirupati – Nagercoil Exp Manmad – Kakinada Exp Ahmedabad – Nagpur Exp (weekly) Okha – Dehradun Uttaranchal Exp (weekly) Bandra – Gandhidham Exp (combining 9055 Sayajinagari Exp and 9101 Vadodara Gandhidham Exp) Hatia – Bhagalpur Vananchal Exp Manduadih – Baidynathdham Exp Lucknow – Chhapra Exp Lucknow – Bhopal Exp((weekly) Bikaner – Suratgarh Exp Kurla – Madurai Exp (weekly)Some Calcutta area specials introduced by her: Howrah – Dehradun Upasana Exp (weekly) Sealdah – Ajmer Exp (weekly) Howrah – Okha Exp (weekly)
2001	Mamta Banerji	New Delhi – Bilaspur Rajdhani Newdelhi – Hatia Rajdhani H. Nizamuddin – Secunderabad Rajdhani New Delhi – Gorakhpur Gorakhdham Exp Hatia – Dhanbad Inter-City Asansol – Amritsar Superfast Asansol – Haldia Exp Asansol – New Jalpaiguri Exp Howrah – New Jalpaiguri Exp Howrah – Yeshwantpur Exp (weekly) Howrah – Nagercoil Gurudev Exp Howrah – Rampurhat Exp Kurla – Bhubaneswar Exp (weekly) Berhampur – Bhubaneswar Exp (now extended to Srikakulam) Chennai – Jodhpur Exp (weekly) Jodhpur – Haridwar link Exp Valsad – Patna Exp(weekly) Gandhinagar – Indore Exp Pune – Solapur Exp Pune – Ernakulam Exp (via Madgaon) Vasco – Yeshwantpur Exp (biweekly) Jaipur – Ernakulam Marusagar Exp Palghat – Trivandrum amritha Exp
2002	Nitish Kumar	Jammu Tawi – Haridwar Exp New Delhi – Howrah Exp (biweekly) H. Nizamuddin – Kanyakumari Exp (weekly via Villipuram) Delhi – Pathankot Exp (triweekly) Guwahati – Jodhpur/Bikaner Exp (weekly) Jaipur – Durg Exp (weekly) Jaipur – Bandra Exp (triweekly) Indore – Patna Exp (weekly via Lucknow and Varanasi) Bhopal – Howrah Exp (weekly) Kurla – Habibganj Exp (weekly) Durg – Banglaore Exp (weekly via Chanda Fort, Secunderbad) Mhow – Chittaurgarh Exp (MG) Ahmedabad – Varanasi Exp (via Allahabad) Ahmedbad – Rajkot Exp Gandhidham – Bangalore Exp (weekly) Pune – Nanded Exp (triweekly) Cannanore – Banglaore Exp (weekly) Calicut – Erankulam Exp (after Janshatabdi is introduced between Ernakulam and Trivandrum) Chennai – Trivandrum Exp (via Nagercoil) Chennai – Vishakapatnam Exp (weekly) Kurla – Hatia Exp (weekly via Gaya) Hatia – Gervaroad Exp Rajgir – Sarnath Buddhaparikrama Exp (triweekly) Howrah – Gorakhpur Exp (weekly via Narkatiaganj) Bhubneswar – Palasa IntercityThere are also the Jan Shatabdis proposed Madgaon – Kurla Bangalore – Hubli Ernakulam – Trivandrum Chennai – Vijayawada Habibganj – Jabalpur Ahmedabad – Bhuj Lucknow – Varanasi Patna – Katihar Tata – Ranchi Raigarh – Durg Guwahati – Dimapur Howrah – Malda town Howrah – Bhubaneshwar New Delhi – Chandigarh New Delhi – Dehradun H. Nizamuddin – Kota

List of Indian Railway Ministers

Below is a list of the Union Government Ministers of Railways over the years in independent India. Also included further below is the list of who presented the railway budget for each year.

Note: These lists are incomplete, and some of the dates are uncertain. Unfortunately, there is no readily available source for reliable information on this topic — reference will have to be made to archives of Indian newspapers or magazines for the most accurate information. Corrections or additions are most welcome.

Railway Ministers Of India

Years	Railway Minister
1947	(Nov.) John Mathai (not formally designated the Minister for Railways) presents the first Railway budget for independent India
1948-1952	N Gopalaswamy Ayyangar; worked on consolidating the various railways into the zonal railways
1952-1956	Lal Bahadur Shastri; resigned in 1956 taking responsibility for three fatal railway accidents
1956-1962	Jagjivan Ram
1962	Sardar Swaran Singh
1967??	Kengal Hanumanthaiah (Note: Some sources suggest he was Railway Minister later, in 1971). Ram Sew Singh is also mentioned in some sources as a railway minister in 1966-1968, he may not have been a Cabinet minister for railways.
1968	Cheppudira Muthana Poonacha
1969	Govinda Menon Panampilly
1970-1971	Gulzari Lal Nanda Note: Kengal Hanumanthaiah may have been the Railway Minister briefly in 1971.
1972-1973	Tonse Ananth Pai
1973-1975	Lalit Narayan Mishra; killed by a bomb blast 2-Jan-1975, at the opening of a railway line in Samastipur.
1975-1977	Kamlapati Tripathi (again briefly in 1980?)
1977-1979	Prof. Madhu Dandavate
1980-1981	Kedar Pandey (Kamlapathi Tripathi briefly in 1980)
(1981?) 1982-1984	ABA Ghani Khan Chowdhury.
1984	Bansi Lal; his was a brief stint during a reorganization of some ministries and government departments
(1985?) 1984-1989	Madhav Rao Scindia
1989-1990	George Fernandes
1990-1991	Jnaneshwar Mishra; very short tenure
1991-1995	C K Jaffer Sharief
1995-1996	Suresh Kalmadi (briefly), followed by Atal Behari Vajpayee also briefly, who held the Railways portfolio along with being PM.
1996-1998	Ram Vilas Paswan
1998-1999	Nitish Kumar
2000	Mamata Banerjee
2001-2004	Nitish Kumar
2004-2009	Laloo Prasad Yadav
2009-	Mamata Banerjee

Yearly List of Presenters of the Railway Budget of India

	Fiscal Year	Budget Presenter
1	1947-48	Transport Member, Railway Board
2	1947-48	Col. R. E. Emerson (Chief Commissioner, Railways)
3	1948-49	Dr. John Mathai
4	1949-50	N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar
5	1950-51	N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar
6	1951-52	N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar
7	1952-53 (interim)	N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar
8	1952-53 (final)	Lal Bahadur Shastri
9	1953-54	Lal Bahadur Shastri
10	1954-55	Lal Bahadur Shastri
11	1955-56	Lal Bahadur Shastri
12	1956-57	Lal Bahadur Shastri
13	1957-58 (interim)	Jagjivan Ram
14	1957-58 (final)	Jagjivan Ram
15	1958-59	Jagjivan Ram
16	1959-60	Jagjivan Ram
17	1960-61	Jagjivan Ram
18	1961-62	Jagjivan Ram
19	1962-63	Jagjivan Ram
20	1962-63 (final)	Sardar Swaran Singh
21	1963-64	Sardar Swaran Singh
22	1964-65	H. C. Dasappa
23	1965-66	S. K. Patil
24	1966-67	S. K. Patil
25	1967-68 (interim)	C. M. Poonacha
26	1967-68 (final)	C. M. Poonacha
27	1968-69	C. M. Poonacha
28	1969-70	Dr. Ram Subhag Singh
29	1970-71	Gulzari Lal Nanda
30	1971-72 (interim)	K. Hanumanthaiya
31	1971-72 (final)	K. Hanumanthaiya
32	1972-73	K. Hanumanthaiya
33	1973-74	Lalit Narayan Misra
34	1974-75	Lalit Narayan Misra
35	August 1974	Lalit Narayan Misra
36	1975-76	Kamalapati Tripathi
37	1976-77	Kamalapati Tripathi
38	1977-78 (interim)	Prof. Mathu Dandavate
39	1977-78 (final)	Prof. Mathu Dandavate
40	1978-79	Prof. Madhu Dandavate
41	1979-80	Prof. Madhu Dandavate
42	1980-81 (interim)	Kamalapati Tripathi
43	1980-81 (final)	Kamalapati Tripati
44	1981-82	Kedar Pande
45	1982-83	P. C. Sethi
46	1983-84	A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury
47	1984-85	A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury
48	1985-86	Bansi Lal
49	1986-87	Bansi Lal
50	November 1986	Madhavrao Scindia
51	1987-88	Madhavrao Scindia
52	1988-89	Madhavrao Scindia
53	1989-90	Madhavrao Scindia
54	1990-91	George Fernandes
55	1991-92 (interim)	Janeshwar Mishra
56	1991-92 (final)	C. K. Jaffar Sharief
57	1992-93	C. K. Jaffar Sharief
58	1993-94	C. K. Jaffar Sharief
59	1994-96	C. K. Jaffar Sharief
60	1996-97	C. K. Jaffar Sharief
61	1996-97 (interim)	Suresh Kalmadi
62	1996-97 (final)	Ram Vilas Paswan
63	1997-98	Ram Vilas Paswan
64	1998-99 (interim)	Nitish Kumar
65	1998-99 (final)	Nitish Kumar
66	1999-2000	Nitish Kumar
67	2000-01	Mamata Banerjee
68	2001-02	Mamata Banerjee
69	2002-03	Nitish Kumar
70	2003-04	Nitish Kumar
71	2004-05 (interim)	Nitish Kumar
72	2004-05 (final)	Lalu Prasad Yadav
73	2005-06	Lalu Prasad Yadav
74	2006-07	Lalu Prasad Yadav
75	2007-08	Lalu Prasad Yadav
76	2008-09	Lalu Prasad Yadav
77	2009-2010	Mamata Banerjee

Designer of Indian Rupee Symbol